To learn more about identifying native and non-native thistles,
check out this pamphlet (page 1, page 2),
​created by sister-CISMA Wild Rivers Invasive Species Coalition

Why are these plants a problem?
Like most invasive plants on the Top 20 list for the northwest Michigan region, Canada thistle, bull thistle, and European swamp thistle (see below) threaten to replace native plants in high quality natural areas, which in turn reduces critical food resources for birds, butterflies, and other wild creatures. Non-native thistle populations exist in many natural areas, but there are also native thistles, like the marsh thistle (Cirsium muticum).
 
How do I manage non-native thistles?
Prevent invasions by restoring disturbed areas with native plants, which through increased resource competition helps prevent invasive plants from forming monocultures. Before beginning control efforts, develop a management plan that includes surveys so that you can ensure you're best prioritizing control efforts. Control methods vary from species to species. For bull thistle and swamp thistle, hand pull from early spring through early summer. Leave the plant onsite but remove flowers, which will still produce seed. For Canada thistle, chemical control is needed due to the large tap root and horizontal roots, and because the plant is a perennial. 
 
You can find very thorough treatment instructions using the Midwest Invasive Plant Network (MIPN) control database (http://mipncontroldatabase.wisc.edu/).

Canada Thistle ​(Cirsium arvense)

Introduced through contaminated agricultural seed from Europe and Northern Asia.

​Read the MISIN Fact Sheet

European swamp thistle ​(Cirsium palustre)

Native to Europe. Introduction unknown.

​Read the MISIN Fact Sheet

Bull thistle ​(Cirsium vulgare)

Native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa where it is an ornamental garden plant. Introduced to North America via contaminated agricultural seed. 

​Read the MISIN Fact Sheet

MISIN Species Identification Training

Report Invasive Species